成都一次脉冲风暴特征及成因分析     

周长春  吴蓬萍  陈梁勋 《气象科技》2016,44(2):283-289

利用多普勒天气雷达观测资料、风廓线仪资料、加密自动气象站资料、常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2014年7月23日16:00在成都城区发生的一次局地强对流过程进行了分析。结果表明:晴空太阳辐射增温和低层偏南气流的暖湿水汽输送使得成都附近大气具备对流发展的能量和水汽条件;地面暖平流及成都城市热岛效应,使得成都城区低层抬升作用增强;在弱的垂直风切变环境中,南下阵风锋与成都城区西北部地面中尺度热中心和中尺度辐合线相遇,激发出脉冲风暴并迅速发展,进而产生局地强对流天气;多普勒天气雷达资料显示脉冲风暴强盛时期具有悬垂回波、有界弱回波区、中层径向辐合等强风暴的特征。  相似文献   

华北汛期降水分离时间尺度降尺度预测模型的改进   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

阮成卿  李建平 《大气科学》2016,40(1):215-226

本文采用偏相关预报因子挑选法和条件降尺度法,对已有的华北汛期(7~8月)降水时间尺度分离(TSD)降尺度模型进行了改进.利用偏相关法,找到一个新的影响华北汛期降水年际分量的前期预报因子,即6月北大西洋—欧亚遥相关(AEAT).该因子将扰动信号储存于北大西洋三极子结构,并在7~8月释放出来影响下游贝加尔湖低压系统的发展,从而影响华北汛期降水.利用6月Ni?o3指数和AEAT指数,本文建立了条件TSD统计降尺度模型,即按照预报因子的强度进行逐年分类,对于每个分类设计相应的预报模型,从而避免信息较弱因子的干扰.条件TSD降尺度方法显著改善了华北汛期降水的预测技巧,在独立检验阶段,预报降水与观测降水的相关系数由原模型的0.61提高到0.77,符号一致率从70%提高到87%.  相似文献   

甘肃中部降水性层状云微物理结构特征个例分析     

庞朝云  黄山  张丰伟 《气象科技》2016,44(5):805-810

利用机载PMS粒子探测系统对2006年8月27日甘肃省中部一次降水性天气过程进行空中观测,对云中微物理特征进行了分析。研究发现云层中小粒子对含水量的贡献较大,云层主要以平均直径小于20μm的小云滴为主。在低层云滴浓度和含水量大于上层,而平均直径小于上层,符合"播撒-供给"降水机理,云上部主要增长方式有凝华增长、淞附增长,在云下部主要增长机制是碰并增长。  相似文献   

浅层滑坡诱发沟谷泥石流的地形和降雨条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

余斌  王涛  朱渊 《水科学进展》2016,27(4):542-550

2011年贵州省望谟县打易镇的大范围浅层滑坡诱发的沟谷泥石流提供了研究这类泥石流地形和降雨条件的机会。在地质条件一致和小区域内的降雨条件基本一致的情况下,地形条件就是这些泥石流暴发与否的唯一决定因素。对比一些重要的地形因素与泥石流暴发的关系,得出了由流域面积、沟床纵比降和25°~45°山坡坡度面积比组成的泥石流综合地形因子T。在地形因子T的基础上,研究获得了由前期降雨量、1 h降雨强度、年平均降雨量等组成的降雨因子R。由地形因子T和降雨因子R获得的临界条件P可以判断该区域的泥石流暴发。由于研究工作部分基于泥石流的形成机理,研究成果还可用于其他区域的泥石流形成预测,为泥石流的预测预报提供了一个较好的方法。  相似文献   

基于推理公式的山洪预警雨量计算方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

李克先 《水文》2016,36(1):84-87

基于水科院推理公式,从山洪雨量预警需求出发,解除原公式在部分汇流中对流域面积分配曲线的矩形概化,经反演得出各典型时段临界雨量计算式;同时采用等流时方法,有效解决了计算式中最大部分汇流面积的定量问题。研究提出的预警雨量计算方法,物理概念清晰,易于理解和掌握,计算便捷,且无需水文资料,可作为现行山洪预警雨量分析计算的一种新方法。  相似文献   

Evaluation of WRF-based convection-permitting multi-physics ensemble forecasts over China for an extreme rainfall event on 21 July 2012 in Beijing     

Kefeng Zhu  Ming Xue 《大气科学进展》2016,33(11):1240-1258

On 21 July 2012, an extreme rainfall event that recorded a maximum rainfall amount over 24 hours of 460 mm, occurred in Beijing, China. Most operational models failed to predict such an extreme amount. In this study, a convective-permitting ensemble forecast system (CEFS), at 4-km grid spacing, covering the entire mainland of China, is applied to this extreme rainfall case. CEFS consists of 22 members and uses multiple physics parameterizations. For the event, the predicted maximum is 415 mm d^-1 in the probability-matched ensemble mean. The predicted high-probability heavy rain region is located in southwest Beijing, as was observed. Ensemble-based verification scores are then investigated. For a small verification domain covering Beijing and its surrounding areas, the precipitation rank histogram of CEFS is much flatter than that of a reference global ensemble. CEFS has a lower (higher) Brier score and a higher resolution than the global ensemble for precipitation, indicating more reliable probabilistic forecasting by CEFS. Additionally, forecasts of different ensemble members are compared and discussed. Most of the extreme rainfall comes from convection in the warm sector east of an approaching cold front. A few members of CEFS successfully reproduce such precipitation, and orographic lift of highly moist low-level flows with a significantly southeasterly component is suggested to have played important roles in producing the initial convection. Comparisons between good and bad forecast members indicate a strong sensitivity of the extreme rainfall to the mesoscale environmental conditions, and, to less of an extent, the model physics.  相似文献   

Radiative effects on torrential rainfall during the landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013)     

Lingyun Lou  Xiaofan Li 《大气科学进展》2016,33(1):101-109

Cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to radiative processes are examined through analysis of cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments of Typhoon Fitow(2013) during landfall.The budget analysis shows that the increase in the mean rainfall caused by the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds corresponds to the decrease in accretion of raindrops by cloud ice in the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds,but the rainfall is insensitive to radiative effects of water clouds in the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds.The increases in the mean rainfall resulting from the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds correspond to the enhanced net condensation.The increases(decreases) in maximum rainfall caused by the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds in the presence(absence) of radiative effects of ice clouds,or the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds in the presence(absence) of radiative effects of water clouds,correspond mainly to the enhancements(reductions) in net condensation.The mean rain rate is a product of rain intensity and fractional rainfall coverage.The radiation-induced difference in the mean rain rate is related to the difference in rain intensity.The radiation-induced difference in the maximum rain rate is associated with the difference in the fractional coverage of maximum rainfall.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of the forcing of inertial-gravity waves in a severe convection system     

Lingkun Ran  Changsheng Chen 《大气科学进展》2016,33(11):1271-1284

The non-hydrostatic wave equation set in Cartesian coordinates is rearranged to gain insight into wave generation in a mesoscale severe convection system. The wave equation is characterized by a wave operator on the lhs, and forcing involving three terms—linear and nonlinear terms, and diabatic heating—on the rhs. The equation was applied to a case of severe convection that occurred in East China. The calculation with simulation data showed that the diabatic forcing and linear and nonlinear forcing presented large magnitude at different altitudes in the severe convection region. Further analysis revealed the diabatic forcing due to condensational latent heating had an important influence on the generation of gravity waves in the middle and lower levels. The linear forcing resulting from the Laplacian of potential-temperature linear forcing was dominant in the middle and upper levels. The nonlinear forcing was determined by the Laplacian of potential-temperature nonlinear forcing. Therefore, the forcing of gravity waves was closely associated with the thermodynamic processes in the severe convection case. The reason may be that, besides the vertical component of pressure gradient force, the vertical oscillation of atmospheric particles was dominated by the buoyancy for inertial gravity waves. The latent heating and potential-temperature linear and nonlinear forcing played an important role in the buoyancy tendency. Consequently, these thermodynamic elements influenced the evolution of inertial-gravity waves.  相似文献   

A Review of Thunderstorm Trends across Southern Ontario,Canada     

Steven M. Huryn  Ken Butler 《大气与海洋》2016,54(5):519-528

Despite their potential impact, trends in thunderstorm occurrence in Canada have not received scientific scrutiny, one of the reasons for this likely being lack of data availability. A previous study showed thunderstorm observations at eight staffed weather stations in southern Ontario, Canada, to be accurate for distances within 10?km. We used hourly thunderstorm data from these stations and one additional station to determine whether a trend exists in the thunderstorm record in this region. A Mann-Kendall test and Theil-Sen approach determined that although some stations do have trends in number of thunderstorm hours per year over this time, a consistent increase in the number of thunderstorms that might be expected in a warming climate is not seen. Daily precipitation totals and maximum wind gust speeds were also used as proxies for thunderstorm intensity, neither of which confirmed an increase in the intensity of thunderstorms at these sites over the time period.  相似文献   

江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气的中尺度特征分析   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

徐芬  郑媛媛  肖卉  慕熙昱 《气象》2016,42(5):567-577

利用常规气象资料、卫星、多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达等资料,对发生在江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气形势背景、环境热动力条件、强冰雹发生前地区环境场变化、超级单体雷达回波中尺度特征等进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)在东北冷涡槽后干冷气流影响下,中高层干冷、低层暖湿的不稳定层结,高低空急流以及地面辐合系统的配置为此次强对流天气的产生提供了有利热动力条件;高CAPE值、逆温层、低层适当水汽条件及较强的深层垂直风切变有利于强冰雹天气的发生。(2)利用多普勒天气雷达、风廓线仪数据反演垂直分布的物理量场(平均散度、平均垂直速度、相对风暴螺旋度、垂直风切变)能够反映本站上空环境场的快速变化情况:强对流系统移入本站前雷达站上空逐渐调整为低层辐合、中高层辐散的风场配置结构,螺旋度和垂直风切变数值逐渐增加,表明环境场有利于强对流系统的维持发展。(3)强降雹超级单体除具有三体散射现象、入流缺口等雷达回波中尺度特征外,持久深厚的中气旋存在造成了显著的有界弱回波区和高悬垂强回波区。应用双多普勒雷达风场反演技术揭示了超级单体内部环流结构:低层气旋性旋转,中层旋转加强,高层风场辐散。超级单体内部涡旋特征的出现和维持有利于支撑空中大冰雹的增长。  相似文献